Understanding Carbon Capture and Storage
CCS captures CO₂ emissions from power plants or industrial facilities before they enter the atmosphere or removes existing atmospheric CO₂ via DACCS/BECCS. The captured gas is compressed for transport via pipelines/ships and injected into secure geological formations like depleted oil/gas reservoirs.
Key Components of CCS
- Capture: Post-combustion absorption (amines), pre-combustion gasification.
- Transport: Pipelines (>90% efficiency) or ships for remote sites.
- Storage: Geological reservoirs at ≥1km depth with impermeable caprocks.
- Utilization: Potential enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or conversion into products (CCUS).
- Applications: Vital for cement, steel, hydrogen, chemical production.
Climate Impact of CCS
IPCC models show CCS could reduce global CO₂ emissions by 15–50% by 2050. Over 300 million tonnes have already been stored globally, with current capacity at ~40MtCO₂/year (~8 million cars’ annual emissions).